Trademark Classes
The Nice Classification system is a standardized framework that categorizes goods and services into 45 distinct classes. This classification structure facilitates efficient trademark registration by providing a clear taxonomy for identifying and protecting intellectual property. Accurately determining the appropriate class(es) for a trademark is crucial to ensure comprehensive protection against infringement. By understanding the nuances of this system, businesses can effectively safeguard their brand identity and market position.
Class Description of the article
Trademark Class 1 Chemical used in industry, science, photography, agriculture, horticulture and forestry; unprocessed plastics; chemical substances for preserving foodstuffs;
Trademark Class 2 Paints; varnishes; preservatives against rust and against deterioration of wood; colorants; metals in foil and powder form for painters; decorators; printers and artists;
Trademark Class 3 Bleaching preparations and substances for laundry use; cleaning; polishing; abrasive preparations; soaps; perfumery, essential oils, cosmetics, hair lotions;
Trademark Class 4 Industrial oils and greases; lubricants; dust absorbing, wetting and binding compositions; fuels (including motor spirit) and illuminants; candles, wicks;
Trademark Class 5 Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary preparations; dietetic substances adapted for medical use, food for babies; disinfectants; fungicides, herbicides;
Trademark Class 6 Common metals and their alloys; metal building materials; small items of metal hardware; pipes and tubes of metal; goods of metal not included in other classes;
Trademark Class 7 Machines and machine tools; machine coupling and transmission components; agricultural implements other than hand-operated; incubators for eggs;
Trademark Class 8 Hand tools and implements (hand-operated); cutlery; side arms; razors
Trademark Class 9 Scientific, electric, photographical, measuring, apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; data processing equipment and computers;
Trademark Class 10 Surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus and instruments, artificial limbs, eyes and teeth; orthopaedic articles; suture materials;
Trademark Class 11 Apparatus for lighting, heating, steam generating, cooking, refrigerating, drying ventilating, water supply and sanitary purposes
Trademark Class 12 Vehicles; apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water
Trademark Class 13 Firearms; ammunition and projectiles; explosives; fire work
Trademark Class 14 Precious metals and their alloys and goods in precious metals; jewellery, precious stones; horological and other chronometric instruments
Trademark Class 15 Musical instruments
Trademark Class 16 Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials; printed matter; stationery; brushes; typewriters and office requisites; plastic materials for packaging;
Trademark Class 17 Rubber, asbestos, mica and goods made from these materials; plastics in extruded form for use in manufacture; packing, stopping and insulating materials; flexible pipes;
Trademark Class 18 Leather and imitations of leathe; animal skins, hides, trunks and travelling bags; umbrellas, parasols and walking sticks; whips, harness and saddlery;
Trademark Class 19 Building materials, (non-metallic), non-metallic rigid pipes for building; asphalt, pitch and bitumen; non-metallic transportable buildings; monuments, not of metal.
Trademark Class 20 Furniture, mirrors, picture frames; goods of wood, cork, reed, cane, wicker, horn, bone, ivory, whalebone, shell, amber, mother- of-pearl, meerschaum or of plastics
Trademark Class 21 Household or kitchen utensils and containers; combs and sponges; articles for cleaning purposes; unworked or semi-worked glass; glassware and earthenware;
Trademark Class 22 Ropes, string, nets, tents, awnings, tarpaulins, sails, sacks and bags, padding and stuffing materials (except of rubber or plastics); raw fibrous textile materials
Trademark Class 23 Yarns and threads, for textile use
Trademark Class 24 Textiles and textile goods, not included in other classes; bed and table cover.
Trademark Class 25 Clothing, footwear, headgear
Trademark Class 26 Lace and embroidery, ribbons and braid; buttons, hooks and eyes, pins and needles; artificial flowers
Trademark Class 27 Carpets, rugs, mats and matting, linoleum and other materials for covering existing floors; wall hangings(non-textile)
Trademark Class 28 Games and playthings, gymnastic and sporting articles not included in other classes; decorations for Christmas trees
Trademark Class 29 Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jams, fruit sauces; eggs, milk and milk products; edible oils and fats
Trademark Class 30 Coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar, rice, tapioca, sago; bread, pastry and confectionery, ices; honey, treacle; yeast, baking powder; salt, mustard; vinegar; spices; ice
Trademark Class 31 Agricultural, horticultural and forestry products and grains; live animals; fresh fruits and vegetables; seeds, natural plants and flowers; foodstuffs for animals, malt
Trademark Class 32 Beers, mineral and aerated waters, and other non-alcoholic drinks; fruit drinks and fruit juices; syrups and other preparations for making beverages
Trademark Class 33 Alcoholic beverages (except beers)
Services
Trademark Class 34 Tobacco, smokers’ articles, matches
Trademark Class 35 Advertising, business management, business administration, office functions.
Trademark Class 36 Insurance, financial affairs; monetary affairs; real estate affairs.
Trademark Class 37 Building construction; repair; installation services.
Trademark Class 38 Telecommunications.
Trademark Class 39 Transport; packaging and storage of goods; travel arrangement.
Trademark Class 40 Treatment of materials.
Trademark Class 41 Education; providing of training; entertainment; sporting and cultural activities.
Trademark Class 42 Scientific, design and technological services; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software.
Trademark Class 43 Services for providing food and drink; temporary accommodation.
Trademark Class 44 Medical services, veterinary services, hygienic and beauty care for human beings or animals; agriculture, horticulture and forestry services.
Trademark Class 45 Legal services; security services for the protection of property and individuals; personal and social services rendered by others to meet the needs of individuals.
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FAQs about Patents
The patent owner has the exclusive right to prevent or stop others from commercially exploiting the patented invention. Patient protection means that the invention cannot be commercially made, used, distributed, imported or sold by others without the patent owner’s consent.
The protection is granted for a limited period, generally 20 years from the filing date of the application.
Patent rights are usually enforced in a court on the initiative of the right owner. However, the main responsibility for monitoring, identifying and acting against infringers of a patent lies with the patent owner.
Patent information commonly refers to the information found in patent applications and granted patents. This information may include bibliographic data about the inventor and patent applicant or patent holder, a description of the claimed invention and related developments in the field of technology, and a list of claims indicating the scope of patent protection sought by the applicant.
Patent documents contain technological information that is often not divulged in any other form of publication, covering practically every field of technology. They have a relatively standardized format and are classified according to technical fields to make identifying relevant documents even easier.
The information contained in patent documents can be very useful to researchers, entrepreneurs, and many others, helping them:
• avoid duplication of research and development work.
• build on and improve existing products or processes.
• assess the state-of-the-art in a specific technological field, e.g., to get an idea of the latest developments in this field.
• evaluate the patentability of inventions, in particular the novelty and inventiveness of inventions.
• identify inventions protected by patents, to avoid infringement and seek opportunities for licensing.
• monitor activities of potential partners and competitors both within the country and abroad.
• identify market niches or discover new trends in technology or product development at an early stage.
Patent applications and related documents are published by national and regional patent offices.
Unpaid databases:
• WIPO’s PATENTSCOPE database
• Google Patents
• Espacenet – patent search
• USPTO Web Patent Database
Paid Databases:
• Orbit
• PatBase
• Patseer